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Travel for reasons of education and leisure became an increasingly widespread elite activity in early modern Europe, culminating in the so-called Grand Tour undertaken by young male members of the British aristocracy and gentry particularly in the eighteenth century. The expansion of secular travel was accompanied by the development of the genre of advice on the art of travel, which sought to instruct travellers how to make their journeys most useful to themselves and their home society whilst fending off the threat of moral corruption associated with excessive exposure to foreign norms. This strongly classist and gendered discourse offers insight in the practice and theory of travel, showing how debates on how to travel reflected Humanist and Enlightenment ideals of cosmopolitanism as well as more narrow conceptions of elite masculinity, national identity, and the "travelling self".

Core Readings (pick two)

G谩bor Gell茅ri, 'Ars apodemica Gendered: Female Advice on Travel', in: G谩bor G茅lleri and Rachel Willie (eds.), Travel and Conflict in the Early Modern World (Abingdon and New York: Routledge, 2021), pp. 205-225. .

Sarah Goldsmith, 'Nostalgia, Homesickness and Emotional Formation on the Eighteenth-Century Grand Tour', Cultural and Social History 15.3 (2018), pp. 333-360. .

Bracewell, Wendy, 'Arguing from Experience: Travelees versus Travelers in Early Modern Exchanges', Renaissance Studies 33.4 (2019), pp. 548-567. .

Primary source

Leopold Berchtold, An Essay to Direct and Extend the Inquiries of Patriotic Travellers (London: 1789), pp. 1-87 (Read Section I (pp. 1-18) plus leaf through the rest and read one further section in detail). or .

Further Reading

Blanton, Casey, Travel Writing: The Self and the World (New York and London: Routledge, 2002), pp. 1-29. .

Bohls, Elizabeth, and Ian Duncan (eds.), Travel Writing 1700-1830: An Anthology (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005). . [Primary source excerpts]

Carey, Daniel, 'Hakluyt's instructions: The Principal Navigations and sixteenth-century travel advice', Studies in Travel Writing 13 (2009), pp. 167-185. .

Carey, Daniel, 'Advice on the Art of Travel', in: Nandini Das and Tim Youngs (eds.), The Cambridge History of Travel Writing (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019), pp. 392-407. .

Colbert, Benjamin (ed.), Travel Writing and Tourism in Britain and Ireland (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011). .

Dolan, Brian, Ladies of the Grand Tour (London: Harper Collins, 2001). .

Enenkel, Karl A.E., and Jan de Jong (eds.), Artes Apodemicae and Early Modern Travel Culture, 1550-1700 (Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2019). .

Games, Alison, The Web of Empire: English Cosmopolitans in an Age of Expansion, 1560-1660 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008). .

G茅lleri, G谩bor, Lessons of Travel in Eighteenth-Century France: From Grand Tour to School Trips (Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, 2020). .

Gleadhill, Emma, 'Improving Upon Birth, Marriage and Divorce: The Cultural Capital of Three Late Eighteenth-Century Female Grand Tourists', Journal of Tourism History 10.1 (2018), pp. 21-36. .

Goldsmith, Sarah, Masculinity and Danger on the Eighteenth-Century Grand Tour (London: University of London Press, 2020). .

Holmberg, Eva Johanna, 'Writing the Travel Companion in Seventeenth-Century English Texts about the Ottoman Empire', in: Helen Hackett (ed.), Early Modern Exchanges : Dialogues Between Nations and Cultures, 1550-1750 (Farnham: Ashgate, 2015), pp. 183-198. .

Holmberg, Eva Johanna, 'Writing the travelling self: travel and life-writing in Peter Mundy鈥檚 (1597–1667) Itinerarium Mundii', Renaissance Studies 31.4 (2016), pp. 608-625. .

Korte, Barbara, 'Practices and Purposes', Barbara Schaff (ed.), Handbook of British Travel Writing (Berlin and Boston: De Gruyter, 2020), pp. 95-112. .

Pirbhai, M. Reza, 'Empire and I: Reading the Travelogue of a Late Eighteenth Century British Army Captain', South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies 36.4 (2013), pp. 661-77. .

Porter, Dennis, Haunted Journeys: Desire and Transgression in European Travel Writing (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1990), esp. Ch. 1: Uses of the Grand Tour: Boswell and His Contemporaries', pp. 25-68.

Rubi茅s, Joan Pau, 'Instructions for Travellers: Teaching the Eye to See', History and Anthropology (1996), pp. 139-190. .

Schaff, Barbara, 'James Boswell, Journals and Letters from his Grand Tour (1764-1765)', in: Barbara Schaff (ed.), Handbook of British Travel Writing (Berlin and Boston: De Gruyter, 2020), pp. 231-264. .

Stagl, Justin, A History of Curiosity: the Theory of Travel, 1550-1800 (Harwood Academic Publishers, 1995). .

Sweet, Rosemary, Cities and the Grand Tour: The British in Italy, c.1690–1820 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012). .

Sweet, Rosemary, Gerrit Verhoeven and Sarah Goldsmith (eds.), Beyond the Grand Tour: Northern Metropolises and Early Modern Travel Behaviour (London: Routledge, 2017). .

Thompson, Carl, The Suffering Traveller and the Romantic Imagination (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2007), Ch. 1: 'Tourists: Diversification and Disdain, 1760–1830', pp. 31-58. .

Thompson, C.W., French Romantic Travel Writing: Chateaubriand to Nerval (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011). .

Warneke, Sara, Images of the Educational Traveller in Early Modern England (Leiden and New York: Brill, 1995). .

Williams, Mark R.F., 'The Inner Lives of Early Modern Travel', The Historical Journal 62.2 (2019), pp. 349-373. .

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